Whereas, Departmentalization is subdividing work and workers into separate
organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks
Functional
departmentalization – definition, characteristics is organizing
work and workers into separate units responsible for particular
business functions or areas of expertise
Product
departmentalization is organizing work and
workers into separate units responsible for producing particular
products or services
Customer
departmentalization - advantage and disadvantage organizing
work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds
of customers
Hostile
work environment
a
form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually
related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work
environment
Chain
of command – Line, staff is the
vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom
throughout the organization which is different from Chain
of command -Staff
authority the
right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in
the chain of command
Project
teams are those teams created to complete specific,
one–time projects or tasks within a limited time
Norms are
informally agreed–on standards that
regulate team behavior and communication in the workplace
Line
authority is the
right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command
an
activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the
company’s products is Line
function
To properly manage a team goals must be set that are reasonable and easily achieved. It is necessary for all members to feel like they are contributing to the common goal. For example, consider the following terms
By definition, solving problems by
consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes is Standardization
Decentralization-
definition, advantage- the location of a
significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the
organization
Team-
definition, advantages & disadvantages, classification
(functional or cross-functional)
a
team composed of employees from different functional areas of the
organization
forming
storm norming perform is a Cross–functional
team
Managers must recognize Social
loafing. the behavior in which team members
withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work is defined as Social
loafing
Self-designing
teams is the a team that has the characteristics of
self–managing teams but also controls team design, work tasks, and
team membership
Cognitive
conflict & affective conflict
Human
resource management: definition the process
of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a
qualified work force
BFOQs
is the an exception in employment law that permits
sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment
decisions, but only if they are “reasonably necessary to the normal
operation of that particular business.” BFOQs are strictly
monitored by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Adverse
impact- unintentional discrimination is the unintentional
discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or
ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they
are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at
substantially lower rates than others
Disparate
treatment is the intentional discrimination that
occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring,
promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color,
sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs
sexual
harassment- definition, meaning, types (quid pro quo and hostile work
environment)
Quid
pro quo sexual harassment is a
form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as
hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one’s job, depend on whether
an individual submits to sexual harassment
Job
analysis, job description, job specification- definition, meaning,
implications
Job
analysis
a
purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the
important work–related aspects of a job
Functional
departmentalization: organizing work and workers into separate units
responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.
Job
description
a
written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities
required of an employee holding a particular job
Job
specifications
a
written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform
a particular job
Selection-
definition, selection information the
process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who
should be offered a job
Diversity-
definition, meaning, purpose a variety of
demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an
organization’s employees and customers
Affirmative
action and diversity purposeful steps taken
by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities
and women
Types
of discrimination
Glass
Ceiling the invisible barrier that prevents
women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations
Managing
discriminations – the role of the managers
three
paradigms for managing diversity are the discrimination
and fairness paradigm
(equal
opportunity, fair treatment, strict compliance with the law), the
access and
legitimacy
paradigm
(matching internal diversity to external diversity), and the learning
and
effectiveness paradigm (achieving
organizational plurality by integrating deep-level
diversity
into the work of the organization).
Staff
function
an
activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the
company’ products, but instead supports line activities
Follow and
enforce federal and state laws regarding equal employment
opportunity. Treat group
differences as important but not special. Find the common ground.
Tailor opportunities
to individuals, not groups. Reexamine, but maintain, high standards. Solicit
negative as well as positive feedback. Set high but realistic goals.
The two types
of diversity training are awareness training and skills-based
diversity training. Companies
also manage diversity through diversity audits and diversity pairing
and by
having top executives experience what it is like to be in the
minority.
Communication
the process of transmitting information from
one person or place to another
Perception-
definition, process (perception filter, retention,…)
perception the
process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and
retain information from their environments attend
to, organize, interpret, and retain information
from their environments
Perceptual
filters the
personality–, psychology–, or experience–based differences that
influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli Closure
the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that
what we don’t know is consistent with what we already know
selective
perception the tendency to notice and accept
objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and
expectations while ignoring or screening out or not accepting
inconsistent stimuli or information
Attribution
theory- fundamental attribution error
a theory that states that we
all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other
people’s behavior
Fundamental
attribution error
the
tendency to ignore external causes of behavior and to attribute other
people’s actions to internal causes
Types
of bias
Defensive,
self serving, Communication
channels
e
sender, the receiver, noise,
and feedback. formal
and informal communication
channels, one-on-one
communication, and
nonverbal communication
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